Blood sugar, or blood glucose, is the main source of energy for your body’s cells. It comes from the food you eat, primarily carbohydrates. When you eat, your body breaks down the carbohydrates into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream.
How Your Body Regulates Blood Sugar
Your body has a complex system to keep your blood sugar levels within a healthy range:
Pancreas: This organ produces hormones, including insulin and glucagon, which help regulate blood sugar.
Insulin: This hormone helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells for energy.
Glucagon: This hormone signals your liver to release stored glucose into your bloodstream when levels are low.
What Happens When Blood Sugar Levels Are Abnormal?
High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia): When your blood sugar levels are consistently too high, it can be a sign of prediabetes or diabetes. Over time, high blood sugar can damage your nerves, blood vessels, and organs.
Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia): When your blood sugar levels drop too low, you may experience symptoms like dizziness, shakiness, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures or loss of consciousness.
Factors that Can Affect Blood Sugar Levels
Diet: Consuming too many carbohydrates, especially refined carbohydrates, can cause a rapid spike in blood sugar levels.
Physical Activity: Exercise helps your body use glucose for energy, which can lower blood sugar levels.
Stress: Stress hormones can raise blood sugar levels.
Medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids, can increase blood sugar levels.
Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can affect your body’s ability to regulate blood sugar.
Maintaining Healthy Blood Sugar Levels
Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean protein.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight or obese can increase your risk of developing insulin resistance.
Regular Physical Activity: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.
Monitor Your Blood Sugar: If you have diabetes, it’s important to monitor your blood sugar levels regularly.
Manage Stress: Practice stress-reducing techniques such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises.
If you have concerns about your blood sugar levels, talk to your doctor. They can help you understand your risk factors and recommend the best ways to manage your blood sugar.